Bridge Resource Management, Vol 1: The human element

Foreword

Preface

Introduction

Chapter 1: Addressing human factors

Chapter 2: Effective communication

Chapter 3: Assertiveness and leadership

Chapter 4: Obtaining and maintaining situational awareness

Chapter 5: Team experience

References and further reading

Authors and contributors

Index

Captain Mert Dağgeçen PhD FNI

Captain Mert Dağgeçen is a training superintendent at Scorpio Group. He completed his bachelor’s degree on Istanbul Technical University’s Maritime and Transportation Engineering program in 2003. In 2017, he completed his MBA degree on Copenhagen Business School’s Shipping and Logistics program.
Captain Dağgeçen has worked on product and chemical tankers for more than 11 years, including five years in command. Coming ashore, he worked in Columbia Shipmanagement and in E&S Tankers (Essberger and Stolt) as designated person ashore and vetting inspector. He is a founder and Honorary Branch Secretary of The Nautical Institute’s Turkey branch and author of several articles in Seaways.

Captain Jeanine Drummond

Captain Drummond is a former harbour master and Master mariner with extensive experience in the maritime, offshore oil and gas, and ports sectors, in Australia and internationally. Jeanine is MD at Integral Maritime and is a non-executive director across a range of maritime industry subsectors, including regulatory functions, education, research and seafarer welfare. Jeanine is passionate about fostering an inclusive workplace culture within which human factors integrate effectively with evolving technologies and best practices to deliver safe, sustainable maritime operations and developments.

She is committed to championing diversity, equity and inclusion at every sector and level of the maritime industry.

Yasser Farag

Yasser Farag has more than two decades of experience in the maritime field, having balanced practical experience and academic knowledge through his roles as a marine engineer, maritime lecturer and researcher. His work at the Arab Academy (AASTMT) and the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, has deepened his expertise in maritime education and training, human factors and energy efficiency. Yasser’s contributions to the EU-funded GATERS and SAFEMODE projects have shaped his current research focus on the effective integration of human factors into the design and operation of modern marine systems.

Tom Feakins

Tom Feakins is a Master mariner whose expertise spans harbour tugs, anchor handling tugs, buoy tenders, survey vessels, offshore supply vessels, yachts and cruise ships. Tom spent two years in Scotland piloting bulkers, tankers and mobile offshore drilling units. During this period, he developed a management system and procedures to ensure compliance with the Port Marine Safety Code. Since 2019, Tom has been active in the oil and gas and wind industries, serving as a tow Master and marine consultant on various projects and tows. A contributor to industry best practice publications on ECDIS, Tom is also an editor of the Oilfield Seamanship series, and he conducts coaching sessions for individuals preparing for Master mariner and chief officer exams.

Captain Nic Gardner

Captain Gardner started her seagoing career on square-rigged ships in 1996 and worked her way up through a range of merchant ships, including dry bulk carriers, ro-pax ferries and fisheries protection vessels. She eventually found her niche on humanitarian vessels. She holds an unlimited Master’s certificate of competency and a degree in maritime operations. In her limited free time, she is a freelance writer and marine technology analyst with a passion for mentoring, technology, safety and human rights.

Captain Hans Hederström FNI

Captain Hederström FNI is a senior consultant at the Marine Consultancy Group in Sweden. From 2019 to 2021, he worked as Professor of the Practice at the Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. From 2008 to 2018, he was MD at the Center for Simulator Maritime Training (CSMART). He also wrote CSMART’s simulator specification and brought together the unit’s professional instructors. Captain Hederström holds a Master Mariner’s (class 1) licence, a Marine Engineer’s Certificate from the Marine College in Gothenburg, Sweden, and has sailed as a Master aboard ro-ro and passenger vessels. He also worked as a sea/ harbour pilot in the Port of Gothenburg with the Swedish Maritime Administration for 22 years, and went on to become a member of the development group for the SAS Bridge Resource Management (BRM) training programme.

Dr Rafet Emek Kurt

Dr Kurt is the director of the Maritime Human Factors Centre (MHFC) at the University of Strathclyde and has served as principal investigator and maritime coordinator for the EU-funded SAFEMODE project. He is dedicated to advancing the practical application of human factors research in the maritime industry. Throughout his career, he has contributed to numerous research projects, including EU-funded initiatives such as SILENV, SEAHORSE and EXCROSS. His expertise has contributed to initiatives within IMO, the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) and the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF), among others.

Captain Tuuli Messer-Bookman

Captain Messer-Bookman graduated from the US Merchant Marine Academy and has sailed over 300,000 sea miles as a ship’s officer, usually as the only woman aboard. She earned her US Coast Guard Unlimited Tonnage Oceans Master’s licence in 1997 and her law degree at the University of San Francisco School of Law, where she was an article editor for the USF Maritime Law Journal. She has served as a consultant and expert witness on more than 100 maritime cases. After law school, she joined the professoriate at California Maritime Academy, where she taught navigation, bridge watchstanding and licence exam preparation. She was also a certified watchstanding assessor in the CMA’s full-mission ship simulator. She is the author of three books: Maritime Casualties: Causes and Consequences; Master’s Handbook on Ship’s Business; and Close Quarters: A Woman’s Guide to Living and Working in Masculine Environments.

Professor Selçuk Nas

Professor Nas graduated from Istanbul Technical University, Maritime Faculty, Deck Department, in 1991 and worked as an officer and a chief officer on various merchant vessels between 1991 and 1999. He received his MSc degree in maritime business and management in 1999. During his master’s studies, he focused on the role and importance of simulator-based training in maritime education and training. He gained his PhD in 2006. Since 1995, he has taught coastal navigation, bridge team management, risk assessment and liquid cargo handling simulator training as a full-time lecturer at Dokuz Eylül University’s Maritime Faculty. He has evaluated the competence of more than 300 captains and provided consulting services to ship operators. He has also been teaching research techniques at the Graduate School of Social Science and the Graduate School of Science and Engineering at Dokuz Eylül University.

Captain Kevin Oprey

Growing up on the edge of Southampton Water on the UK’s south coast, Captain Oprey was fascinated by the great liners as they gracefully transited the Solent, and it was this fascination that inspired him to choose a life at sea. He began his career as a navigating cadet with Pacific Steam Navigation Company, trading from the UK to the North and South Americas and the Caribbean. Throughout his career, he has sailed worldwide on a range of ships, including cruise ships, cargo ships, supertankers, ferries and high-speed catamarans. His keen interest in sailing also led him to serve for a period as mate aboard the sail training schooners Sir Winston Churchill and Malcolm Miller. After 10 years with Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines, Kevin joined Carnival UK in 2007 as staff captain with P&O, transferring to Cunard Line in 2011. He was proud to be part of such a historic company as Cunard and to be in command of the Cunard flagship Queen Mary 2 for six years.

David Patraiko FNI

David Patraiko FNI is director of projects for The Nautical Institute and coordinates its technical and professional development committees. He is responsible for developing and managing major projects and represents the professional interests of members in general shipping, training and technical forums. He has led research and produced many papers and articles on training, electronic navigation, human factors and marine spatial planning. He is currently involved with the international debate on e-navigation and is chair of the IALA e-navigation working group for strategy and operations. A graduate of the Massachusetts Maritime Academy, USA, he sailed on a variety of international vessels in his 12 years in the merchant navy (1985– 97). He holds an Unlimited Master Mariner’s licence and was awarded an MBA degree from Henley Management College, UK.

Professor Osman Turan

Professor Turan, a leading expert in shipping safety at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, is the director of their Oldendorff Research Centre for Sustainable Shipping (ORCSS). He has made significant contributions to safety-related rules at various platforms, including IMO. His work involves investigating maritime accidents and developing solutions to mitigate safety-critical conditions. Professor Turan has been part of more than 20 EU projects, including the FP7 SEAHORSE project (coordinator), which received the LR-RINA Maritime Safety Award in 2017, and acting as scientific coordinator for the EU-funded SAFEMODE project. In 2018, he was awarded the TRAVISON Senior Researcher award in the waterborne domain by the European Commission. Professor Turan is a member of the UK and Coastguard Agency (MCA) Human Elements Advisory Group (HEAG).

Professor Yusuf Zorba

Professor Zorba received his ITU diploma in 1994 and has worked as an officer and chief officer aboard several vessel types. He earned his MSc in Maritime Business and Management in 1999 and his PhD in 2009. He is currently pursuing his career at Dokuz Eylül University’s Maritime Faculty. Between 2002 and 2015, he was the deputy head of marine transportation engineering, and he is currently the deputy head of maritime education in the Maritime Faculty. His research interests include human aspects, marine safety management systems, ship/port interface and operations, ship manoeuvrability, maritime traffic and transport safety. He is one of the main researchers in the team that assessed the competence of more than 300 shipmasters. Between 2020–4, he also served as Director of the Izmir Branch of the Turkish Chamber of Marine Engineers. He has also been teaching different courses at the Graduate School of Social Science at Dokuz Eylül University.